pa-sales-tax-license-records

Companies with a Pennsylvania sales tax license in Bedford, PA

232 companies whose main licensed location is in Bedford, PA.

CompanyRecordMain license typeLatest expiration
10/09 KITCHEN LLC
1009 KITCHEN LLC		684787C015Sales License/RetailMay 31, 2028
2B DEVELOPMENT LLCBC1FA4DE34Sales License/RetailMar 31, 2029
4329 BEDFORD VALLEY LLC3DF5BB23C7Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2030
814 DESIGNS LLCF3ABCD46DCSales License/RetailMar 31, 2029
A LOVING TOUCH FLOWER SHOP & GIFTS INC980B224F60Sales License/RetailJun 30, 2027
ABOVE ATHENS CLOTHING COMPANY3C9BDC851BSales License/Wholesale—
ADAPT CREATIVE CO LLC
ADAPT CREATIVE CO		B505FD1246Sales License/RetailAug 31, 2031
AESTHETICS BY KELL LLC6384D12C4ASales License/RetailJun 30, 2027
ALL THINGS AUTOMOTIVE INC5C774A49D2Sales License/RetailAug 31, 2028
ALS DISTRIBUTORS LLC0CC60E2CF3Sales License/RetailApr 30, 2027
AMERICAN LEGION HOME ASSOCIATION OF BEDFORD POST 113 INC
AMERICAN LEGION HOME ASSOCIATION OF		C270AF9DFCSales License/RetailFeb 28, 2027
AMERICAN STRUCTURE LLC0584A3167DSales License/RetailFeb 28, 2031
AMERICAN TRAILER COMPANY LLCD910D0CA95Sales License/RetailJul 31, 2030
ARJ CONTRACTING LLC3A99E71568Sales License/RetailFeb 28, 2029
ARTS HOSPITALITY LLC8B6DF45C89Sales License/RetailFeb 28, 2029
ATARAXIA DESIGNS LLC35C7382F0DSales License/RetailAug 31, 2028
BACKSTAGE ALPACA SHOP LLCA54FB696CESales License/RetailJun 30, 2028
BACKSTREET DISTRIBUTION LLCC9552BBA92Sales License/RetailOct 31, 2030
BAD BOYZ BISTRO LLC5A80DC9BD9Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2027
BAER STEEL ERECTORS LLC04E1B329C4Sales License/RetailJul 31, 2028
BAKERS BODY CENTER INC106B3971F2Sales License/RetailOct 31, 2030
BARNES AUTO RENTALS LLC354F51A1C1Sales License/RetailJul 31, 2031
BARNES BODY SHOP INC1A76B32BB2Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2028
BARNES GARAGE INCD5FBA3957ASales License/RetailNov 30, 2029
BATTERY BOYS INC.
BATTERY BOYS INC		DEC92ACA63Sales License/RetailDec 31, 2028
BEDFORD AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT5ABD2236C6Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2031
BEDFORD AREA SENIOR CITIZENS INC315EDAEAA1ST Exemption/CharitableMar 31, 2031
BEDFORD AREA YOUTH BALL LEAGUE9CC261DA21ST Exemption/CharitableMar 31, 2027
BEDFORD AUTO GROUP INC384F4E686ASales License/RetailDec 31, 2027
BEDFORD BISON VOLLEYBALL BOOSTERS CLUB8543F87570ST Exemption/CharitableOct 31, 2027
BEDFORD CARPET INCF6CD5A6F03Sales License/RetailDec 31, 2026
BEDFORD COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
BEDFORD COUNTY FAIR		A6E57BAE46Sales License/RetailMay 31, 2030
BEDFORD COUNTY CONFERENCE & VISITORS BUR EAU
BEDFORD COUNTY C V B		B2BE877261Sales License/RetailJul 31, 2031
BEDFORD COUNTY CONSVTION DISTB0AD3E3331Sales License/RetailSep 30, 2028
BEDFORD COUNTY LIBRARY INC58560AA6E5Sales License/RetailFeb 28, 2031
BEDFORD COUNTY YOUNG AT HEART GAMES INC4022C7BE25ST Exemption/Non Profit EducationOct 31, 2029
BEDFORD ELKS COUNTRY CLUB INC3BE29EBC97Sales License/RetailNov 30, 2026
BEDFORD FAMILY CHIROPRACTIC CENTER PC
BEDFORD FAMILY CHIROPRACTIC CENTER		191D2E6907Sales License/RetailMar 31, 2029
BEDFORD FARM BUREAU CO-OPERATIVE ASSOCIATION
BEDFORD FARM BUREAU CO OP ASS		3B134B55DCSales License/RetailJan 31, 2028
BEDFORD FINE ART GALLERY LLC84021F48A7Sales License/RetailApr 30, 2029
BEDFORD FIRE DEPT I INCE5BBFEECBCSales License/RetailFeb 28, 2027
BEDFORD FIREMANS RELIEF ASSOC OF PA10F7E2A20BST Exemption/Relief Association—
BEDFORD FOODS LLC7F1172003CSales License/RetailJul 31, 2031
BEDFORD FORD LINCOLN MERCURY INC
BEDFORD FORD LINCOLN INC		FC0FD5A894Sales License/RetailJun 30, 2031
BEDFORD HERITAGE TRUSTFFE842C8BCSales License/RetailJan 31, 2031
BEDFORD HOTEL PARTNERS LPD875B53C98Sales License/RetailJul 31, 2028
BEDFORD MAT CLUB3A06443BC8ST Exemption/CharitableMay 31, 2028
BEDFORD MEATS LLC541D09EC9FSales License/RetailJan 31, 2028
BEDFORD MOOSE LODGE 480D3A3ADF319Sales License/RetailSep 30, 2026
BEDFORD REINFORCED PLASTICS INC04F22034FDSales License/RetailSep 30, 2028
BEDFORD RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE INCEEFB5108E3Sales License/RetailApr 30, 2028
BEDROCK & ASSOCIATES LLC2FA9F1FEE3Sales License/RetailMar 31, 2029
BELLA TERRA VINEYARDS LLC1D19314C4DSales License/RetailFeb 28, 2027
BLONDIES HAIR LOFT LLCBD770F52BESales License/RetailMar 31, 2027
BOROUGH OF BEDFORD8966385373Sales License/RetailOct 31, 2030
BRICE MANSION BARBER SHOP LLCCD511A7724Sales License/RetailMay 31, 2028
BUBS ESTATE SERVICES LLCAB696AD8C4Sales License/RetailJul 31, 2027
BUN AIR CORPORATION
BUN AIR CORP		259ED7AFA9Sales License/RetailApr 30, 2027
BUN AIR FBO LLC072D680FC2Sales License/RetailJun 30, 2030
BURGMEIERS HAULING INC3852B632FFSales License/RetailOct 31, 2030
C&MS ENTERPRISES LLC450E246BFBSales License/RetailJan 31, 2029
CALLIHAN HOSPITALITY INCF159B8C25FSales License/RetailJan 31, 2027
CAPE TOWN SPICE LLC9BD429D944Sales License/RetailJul 31, 2027
CARL FEATHER MOBILE HOMES INCCF4F4F2F69Sales License/RetailMay 31, 2031
CHILLAX ZONE ENTERTAINMENT LLCFCB1A583ACSales License/RetailMar 31, 2029
CLARK CONTRACTORS INCE930E61E34Sales License/RetailOct 31, 2030
CLINGERMAN LAWN & LANDSCAPE INC
CLINGERMANS LAWN & LANDSCAPING INC		24971C07ACSales License/RetailFeb 28, 2031
COOKS GENERAL CONTRACTING LLC63B9E20483Sales License/RetailOct 31, 2029
COOKS TREE FARM LLC0AF932E0B7Sales License/RetailAug 31, 2030
COVE CREEK OUTFITTERS LLC10F056A7E4Sales License/RetailJul 31, 2027
CUMBERLAND VALLEY TOWNSHIP ROAD SUPERVISOR3DF5D79EEAST Exemption/Volunteer Fire—
CUMBERLAND VLY TWP VOL FIRE RELIEF ASSOCA95D7530D8ST Exemption/Relief Association—
DEAD MAN WALKING SPIRITS LLCA5256FA35ASales License/RetailMar 31, 2028
DEFIANCE METAL PRODUCTS LLCD954DFC047Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2031
DON PATRON BEDFORD LLC44924972A9Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2030
DOWNTOWN BEDFORD INC65E088357FSales License/RetailMay 31, 2028
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE INSTITUTE INC
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE INSTITUTE		739943AA7ASales License/RetailMay 31, 2031
E W WISE EXCAVATING LLC9FD6F98AB6Sales License/RetailAug 31, 2029
EAST COAST RV LLC17C2DDF468Sales License/RetailFeb 28, 2029
ELITE LEAF CIGARS LLC
CLUB 1758		2E1D1D90DDSales License/RetailFeb 28, 2029
EMMABELLE EVENTS COMPANYC612954550Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2027
ENCORE814 PILATES LLC87C29A5683Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2030
ESPY HOUSE SPIRITS LLC79B9484721Sales License/RetailOct 31, 2029
FARM FRESHTAURANT LLC6FE2FD2C06Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2028
FARM HAUS PLUS FIELD LLCCF28E3F542Sales License/RetailJul 31, 2028
FETTER AUTO INC.
FETTER AUTO INC		BFF15B6BA3Sales License/RetailFeb 28, 2029
FINNECY FAMILY FARM LLC17D83182A6Sales License/RetailAug 31, 2031
FISHERS HOAGLAND ROAD COUNTRY STORE LLC9E1E820BADSales License/RetailJan 31, 2030
FOORS PROMOTIONS LLCDE2B25765DSales License/RetailJan 31, 2027
FORGET-ME-NOT LANDSCAPING LLC49E1AF7510Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2030
FORT BEDFORD VETERANS CLUB012AEA889DSales License/RetailOct 31, 2030
FRANKENBERRY FABRICATION LLC76839D2EBESales License/RetailJan 31, 2030
FRED T IMLER & SONS INC
IMLERS KITCHEN BATH & CARPET CENTER		5A6897D522Sales License/RetailDec 31, 2030
FREE BIRD COIN WORKS LLC9A90AC5AC2Sales License/RetailJun 30, 2031
FREEDOM HOUSE MINISTRIES FHMDF19D37602Sales License/RetailJun 30, 2030
FRIENDS COVE MENNONITE SCHOOL9F4CED4AECST Exemption/Non Profit EducationJan 31, 2027
GOTHIES BUSINESS SERVICES INCDF5A6C750DSales License/RetailNov 30, 2026
HANUMANDADA INC844DDD4CA8Sales License/RetailNov 30, 2030
HEBREWS COFFEEHOUSE LLC
HEBREWS COFFEE CO		C3EDFE3BFESales License/RetailMar 31, 2031
HICKEY ENTERPRISES INCFBBAEACCB2Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2027
HIRAM F WAKEMAN INC68C060E1BBSales License/RetailNov 30, 2028
HOKE-E-GEEZ LLC34114D1831Sales License/RetailAug 31, 2031
HUCKLE BEE FARMS LLC08EFCF8700Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2030
HUNTINGDON-BEDFORD FULTON AREA AGENCY ON AGING INC68E3E18D84ST Exemption/CharitableAug 31, 2028
IMPRESSIVE FLOORS INC1B69968DC7Sales License/RetailDec 31, 2030
INDULGY INCDB5D1AF486Sales License/RetailMar 31, 2027
INTEGRITY AGRICULTURE & LIVESTOCK LLCCE3B7E2B0ASales License/RetailOct 31, 2030
INTERCHANGE PARTS DISTRIBUTORS INC
INTERCHANGE PARTS DIST INC		43475D1326Sales License/RetailFeb 28, 2031
JAMES G WAKEMAN LLC2D194DDDE9Sales License/RetailOct 31, 2029
JANIDLO OPTOMETRY PC852B5405A3Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2027
JELBOSS ENTERPRISE LLC27A164ECC2Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2030
JIL AVIATION LLCC29F188627Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2028
JLG EQUIPMENT SERVICES INC32266186ADSales License/RetailMay 31, 2031
JUNIATA BEVERAGE BEDFORD LLC707AAC3061Sales License/RetailApr 30, 2027
JUST A DECK OF KARDS LLCFF788A8BA3Sales License/RetailJul 31, 2030
KAUFFMAN METALS LLCC3DB4AB6A1Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2031
KEVIN A DIEHL LLC0E87524FB1Sales License/RetailOct 31, 2026
KINTEPRO LLCCC4307BFC8Sales License/RetailApr 30, 2031
KNISELY & SONS INC062B2730DASales License/RetailApr 30, 2027
KNISELY AUCTION SERVICES LLCA226523070Sales License/RetailMay 31, 2030
L & F HEATING & COOLING LLCEE11A9994BSales License/RetailJul 31, 2031
LAKEWOOD AUTOMOTIVE & TOWING LLC4FF5232CF3Sales License/RetailOct 31, 2030
LASHLEY'S GARAGE LLC1A9905B993Sales License/RetailJun 30, 2029
LEM4 LTD3C35A23F55Sales License/RetailAug 31, 2027
LIFESTYLE ITALIAN FOOD LLC1084BDD206Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2031
LIFESTYLE NEXT DOOR LLCE308FD3A48Sales License/RetailAug 31, 2029
LITTLE BARN DISCOUNT GROCERIES LLCD8CC9341E7Sales License/RetailMar 31, 2027
M & M JANITORIAL INC9991C2C11BSales License/RetailMar 31, 2029
M S & J ENTERPRISES LLC8419EBDF4ESales License/RetailMay 31, 2031
MAMIES CAFE & BAKERY BEDFORD INC.0539950ACFSales License/RetailJul 31, 2031
MARTZ CHASSIS INC
MARTZ CHASSI INC		CAFAAA9736Sales License/RetailSep 30, 2027
MEADOWS PRODUCTS LLC7AF4838C32Sales License/RetailSep 30, 2026
MEERYA LLC5AA73675CBSales License/RetailApr 30, 2029
MILE LEVEL PIZZA AND SUBS LLC18724B23DESales License/RetailDec 31, 2029
MISSIONAL CHURCH712F545436ST Exemption/CharitableMar 31, 2028
MORTIMER ELECTRIC INC0FCD42DA61Sales License/RetailMar 31, 2027
MUTTERS COOKIE CUTTERS LLC23F8E8A6FASales License/RetailApr 30, 2030
NAIL BAR & GALLERY LLC8002738BCBSales License/RetailMay 31, 2028
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN COVERLET
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN COV		6458DE1E39Sales License/RetailApr 30, 2031
NILKANTH 16 LLCBCAACA4E18Sales License/RetailNov 30, 2030
OBIE J CLARK INC3064662B69Sales License/Wholesale—
OILIFIELD LLC5F767B49BCSales License/RetailNov 30, 2030
OLD BEDFORD GRILLE LLC677288A7D1Sales License/RetailFeb 28, 2031
OLD BEDFORD VILLAGE INC47D645C7F9Sales License/RetailApr 30, 2027
OMNI BEDFORD SPRINGS RESORT LLCB1EBEBB4C9Sales License/RetailApr 30, 2031
ORIENTAL CHINA KING 88 INC6AD0DB1AACSales License/RetailJan 31, 2031
P&P MACHINING CO LLC
LAWRUK MACHINE AND TOOL COMPANY		B7BA0BC011Sales License/RetailMar 31, 2027
PA BEEF FOUNDATION57257E8624ST Exemption/CharitableJun 30, 2030
PA STATE ASSN OF COUNTY FAIRS0AAB5191B9Sales License/RetailFeb 28, 2030
PAPPY T'S GARAGE DOORS & MORE LLC578793385BSales License/RetailJul 31, 2029
PAPPYS PEST CONTROL LLC1CB77CA93DSales License/RetailApr 30, 2031
PENN CREEK CREATIONS LLCC326A05D00Sales License/RetailFeb 28, 2031
PENNABAKER ENTERPRISES LLCD66CEF57A5Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2030
PEPPERCORN MARKET LLC5D245FDBD4Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2029
PERFORMANCE PIPELINING INC9577BF99F8Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2027
PERSONAL SOLUTIONS INCFD3842147DST Exemption/CharitableNov 30, 2030
PIGEON HILL STUDIOS LLC66DC6AA63ASales License/RetailDec 31, 2027
PINNACLE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES INC7A6C6BF19BSales License/RetailJun 30, 2030
PIONEER HISTORIC SOC BDFRD CO
PIONEER HIST SOCIETY OF BEDFORD CO		A2BE8DBE52ST Exemption/CharitableMay 31, 2031
PITT STREET INNKEEPERS LLC1DFB2BE590Sales License/RetailJun 30, 2028
PITT THEATRE LLC3A70805C41Sales License/RetailJul 31, 2027
POMPS TIRE SERVICE INC9283ECA03CSales License/RetailAug 31, 2031
PRANAI CORPORATION0DC1FC798CSales License/RetailMar 31, 2027
PURPLE LEAF PRODUCTIONS LLC037887E72CSales License/RetailNov 30, 2030
PYLE WELL DRILLING LLCE36F3FF042Sales License/RetailNov 30, 2027
RAINBOW CRAFTS WITH CASSIE LLCC17715F3ECSales License/RetailAug 31, 2031
REACH SOLUTIONS LLCE75B763B56Sales License/RetailMar 31, 2027
RECLAMATION CONSIGNMENT & GIFT SHOP LLC85CC3A88EASales License/RetailOct 31, 2029
REPPERTS CUSTOM GUNSMITHING INC6F93DB1677Sales License/RetailAug 31, 2029
RETAIL4RESCUES LLCDA3AC98924Sales License/RetailMar 31, 2028
RIDGE POOLS OF BEDFORD LLCD246EFC869Sales License/RetailApr 30, 2030
RIDGE WOODWORKING LLC7C2215DC51Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2027
RIVER VIEW COURT INCDD52D84618Sales License/RetailAug 31, 2027
RMR HOST INC2AED788A98Sales License/RetailDec 31, 2030
ROCKLAND INC
ROCKLAND MANUFACTURING COMPANY		75595AA39FSales License/RetailMar 31, 2031
ROOFLINE WASH & WINDOWS LLC1EFC416BF5Sales License/RetailApr 30, 2031
RUGGIERI ENTERPRISES LLCBFF78B3180Sales License/RetailAug 31, 2031
SAC INC
S A C SHOP 12		F03A5A48EDSales License/RetailNov 30, 2027
SHAWNEE EQUIPMENT RENTALS LLCD5946039B1Sales License/RetailOct 31, 2030
SHAWNEE RENTALS LLC97AFEEEC89Sales License/RetailDec 31, 2029
SHAWNEE STRUCTURES LLC56609583A7Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2030
SHAWNEE VINYL HOME IMPROVEMENTS LLCF11D738129Sales License/RetailSep 30, 2027
SHEEHAN HOLDINGS LLC7818CE1210Sales License/RetailMay 31, 2030
SHREE RADHE LLC912C2DEBA0Sales License/RetailNov 30, 2030
SHRI RANG LLC1AFF7250C2Sales License/RetailDec 31, 2030
SHRIMA INCAF97289339Sales License/RetailOct 31, 2030
SIMSIG DOCK AND DOOR SERVICES LLC90C83EF500Sales License/RetailSep 30, 2028
SKYE HIGH ENTERPRISE LLCEB100D1D46Sales License/RetailFeb 28, 2030
SLEEP BEDFORD LLCC99FEE4B0ESales License/RetailNov 30, 2030
SMITHS SEPTIC TANK SERVICES LLCE8CEF2E347Sales License/RetailJun 30, 2029
SOUTH CENTRAL BLIND ASSOCIATIONFFF1EF30C2ST Exemption/CharitableAug 31, 2028
SPECKTACULAR FOODS LLC022CE47167Sales License/RetailFeb 28, 2031
ST JAMES EPISCOPAL CHURCH6020D2AC34Sales License/RetailAug 31, 2030
STATE LINE COUNTRY STORE LLCC119633214Sales License/RetailSep 30, 2030
STELTEK ENTREPRISES LLC
STELTEK ENTERPRISES LLC		AEB9ABBB74Sales License/RetailJun 30, 2031
STELTEK GRAPHICS INC63000F73E2Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2028
STRUCTURAL FIBERGLASS INCDEDEFC94B7Sales License/RetailOct 31, 2027
SUITE 202 HAIR STUDIO LLC8B97A31678Sales License/RetailOct 31, 2030
SUNNY OAKS STUDIOS LLC35BCF1D40ESales License/RetailOct 31, 2030
SWEET ROOT ROAD AUTO & DIESEL REPAIR LLC8EFB0BA953Sales License/RetailSep 30, 2029
SZS HOSPITALITY LLCEEDFC92A67Sales License/RetailOct 31, 2030
T JS TRANSMISSION SERVICE INC
TJS TRANSMISSION SERVICE INC		AEE7F3948ASales License/RetailMar 31, 2031
TAE POWERSPORTS LLCD35C8C23E0Sales License/RetailMar 31, 2027
TAYLOR AUTO ELECTRIC LLC24B6220F20Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2030
THE CHANCELLORS HOUSE LLC4E2F8CA37ESales License/RetailOct 31, 2026
THE ORIGINAL ITALIAN RESTAURANT & PIZZA INC18798BA735Sales License/RetailAug 31, 2027
THE SMOOTHIE BOWL LLC355C88EC0FSales License/RetailApr 30, 2031
THE WHISKEY JAR LLCB524453C26Sales License/RetailMay 31, 2029
THIRTEEN PINES TRADING COD9E6B28D1CSales License/RetailJul 31, 2030
THOMAS AUTOMOTIVE FAMILY LLCBDE2A5ED2DSales License/RetailNov 30, 2028
THOMAS CHEVROLET INC5DE0B4A8E5Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2031
TMW CANDIES LLCF2207B0355Sales License/RetailOct 31, 2030
TOP MOUNTAIN DESIGNS LLC1FDE572FD2Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2030
TOWN HILL AUTO INC74F0ECB6C6Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2031
TRANSPORT REFRIGERATION SERVICES INC.8E0FAF265ASales License/RetailFeb 28, 2029
TWILAS LLCDDFD035DB3Sales License/RetailAug 31, 2030
ULTIMATE FACES BY DEBORAH LLC3C0E197418Sales License/RetailSep 30, 2028
UNITED WAY OF BEDFORD COUNTY211C7F0837ST Exemption/CharitableNov 30, 2028
VILLAGE NEWS LLCBA5F07C253Sales License/RetailJun 30, 2027
VLEIS KOMBUIS LLC9C22209554Sales License/RetailFeb 28, 2030
WAVES HAIR STUDIO LLC928D18C87DSales License/RetailJan 31, 2030
WEISSANG INC3705F1A483Sales License/RetailJan 31, 2030
WEYANT LANDSCAPING INC5A072D17ACSales License/RetailJan 31, 2028
WHIMSICAL CROCHET CODEEB47FA2CSales License/RetailMar 31, 2030
WHOLESOME LIVING MARKETPLACE INC16FFF8D4C6Sales License/RetailMay 31, 2031
WILBURN'S WONDER DUST LLC0D272225E8Sales License/RetailSep 30, 2028
WILLIAMS REPAIR SERVICE LLC890647C04DSales License/RetailSep 30, 2029
WILLOW SPRINGS LAVENDER LLC14837CA972Sales License/RetailSep 30, 2026
WIZZARD HIGH PERFORMANCE INC6970A51218Sales License/RetailSep 30, 2026
YOUNG AMERICAN INCC132AC073FSales License/RetailApr 30, 2027
YOUR SAFE HAVEN INC000D5AA6D4ST Exemption/Non Profit EducationMay 31, 2028
ZEPHANIAH 317 LLCD82809C487Sales License/RetailNov 30, 2030

Alphabetical order — this site ranks no one. Companies with an active license or certificate in the Pennsylvania Department of Revenue file of September 29, 2026. Individuals are not on this site. How to read this.